Knee and Hip Joint Cartilage Damage from Combined Spaceflight Hazards of Low-Dose Radiation Less than 1 Gy and Prolonged Hindlimb Unloading.
Metabolism & Nutrition
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Study examining spatial regulation of a common precursor from two. Spaceflight triggers widespread changes in gene expression affecting stress responses, DNA repair, and mitochondrial function. Epigenetic modifications occur, with some changes persisting long after return. Understanding these molecular adaptations is fundamental to developing effective countermeasures for long-duration missions.
Study examining spatial regulation of a common precursor from two. Genome-wide expression analysis revealed thousands of differentially expressed genes. Stress response pathways were universally upregulated. DNA repair genes showed increased expression. Mitochondrial genes were downregulated substantially. Epigenetic modifications included altered methylation patterns. Some changes persisted months after return to Earth. Cell cycle regulation genes were significantly affected.