Effects of hypothalamic leptin gene therapy on osteopetrosis in leptin-deficient mice.
Neurological & Sensory System Changes
role, oestrogen, receptor, signaling, skeletal, response, leptin, female, mice, bone, density, significantly, calcium, elevated, study, examining, role, oestrogen, receptor, study, examining, role, oestrogen, receptor, signaling, skeletal, response, extended, spaceflight
role, oestrogen, receptor, signaling, skeletal, response, leptin, female, mice
study, examining, role, oestrogen, receptor, signaling, skeletal, response, extended, spaceflight
bone, density, significantly, calcium, elevated, study, examining, role, oestrogen, receptor
Study examining role of oestrogen receptor signaling in skeletal response. Extended spaceflight causes significant bone loss through increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast function. Calcium metabolism is disrupted, with elevated resorption markers. While countermeasures provide partial protection, complete recovery requires 12-18 months post-flight, presenting major challenges for long-duration missions.
Study examining role of oestrogen receptor signaling in skeletal response. Bone mineral density decreased significantly during extended spaceflight missions. Osteoclast activity increased while osteoblast function declined. Calcium metabolism was disrupted with elevated urinary calcium excretion. Bone resorption markers TRAP and CTX-1 were significantly elevated. Mechanical loading countermeasures showed partial effectiveness. Recovery of bone density post-flight required 12-18 months on average.