Hypothalamic Leptin Gene Therapy Reduces Bone Marrow Adiposity in ob/ob Mice Fed Regular and High-Fat Diets.
Neurological & Sensory System Changes
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Study examining hypothalamic leptin gene therapy reduces body weight without. Extended spaceflight causes significant bone loss through increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast function. Calcium metabolism is disrupted, with elevated resorption markers. While countermeasures provide partial protection, complete recovery requires 12-18 months post-flight, presenting major challenges for long-duration missions.
Study examining hypothalamic leptin gene therapy reduces body weight without. Bone mineral density decreased significantly during extended spaceflight missions. Osteoclast activity increased while osteoblast function declined. Calcium metabolism was disrupted with elevated urinary calcium excretion. Bone resorption markers TRAP and CTX-1 were significantly elevated. Mechanical loading countermeasures showed partial effectiveness. Recovery of bone density post-flight required 12-18 months on average.